Invertebrate Zoology OnLine Richard Fox, Lander University Laboratory Exercises to Accompany Ruppert EE, Fox RS, Barnes RB. Invertebrate Zoology, A Functional Evolutionary Approach, 7 th ed. Brooks Cole Thomson, Belmont, CA.

• Maintenance Manual Grasshopper Mowers

This OnLine laboratory manual features original anatomical descriptions of 112 species for use in invertebrate zoology teaching or research laboratories in North America. The collection was prepared over a period of many years to facilitate and encourage the study of invertebrate animals.

Morphology Part 1: Insect External Anatomy. In this lab you will examine a preserved grasshopper and learn to recognize and identify the various parts of an insect’s body.

It is a smorgasbord of species intended to provide a selection suitable for courses taught in most parts of North America. Many species, or their close relatives, also occur in other parts of the world, especially Europe.

Although the chapters are written in laboratory manual format, they can also be used to support research or in other non-teaching situations as introductions to the anatomy of specific invertebrates. Most of these descriptions are based on dissections of invertebrate animals collected in the Carolinas, Georgia, Florida, Maine, and Oregon beginning in 1980. A few are based on preserved material or commercially prepared slides. The collection is under ongoing revision and new species are added periodically. The collection is sufficiently diverse to support undergraduate or graduate courses at most localities in North America. The anatomical descriptions are presented as laboratory exercises, many of which have been tested by my students in invertebrate zoology courses at Lander University, the Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, and the Duke University Marine Laboratory.

These have benefited from numerous revisions based on many years of student use. Emphasis is placed on the use of living anesthetized or freshly sacrificed, unpreserved specimens.

Where possible species have been chosen that are readily available inexpensively and alive from supermarkets, bait shops, or seafood markets. Whenever possible exotic (introduced) or commercially farmed species have been used in preference to natives. Black and white line drawings are embedded in the texts. Unless otherwise indicated the illustrations are original. These accounts are copyrighted but unpublished. I would appreciate their receiving the same copyright considerations they would enjoy in print. You are encouraged to use them for your research or teaching but not for publication or commercial purposes.

I appreciate being informed and acknowledged when the exercises are used. Best between manual and automatic e36 bmw. Terminology, phylogeny, and classification conform to usage in Ruppert EE, Fox RS, Barnes RB. Invertebrate Zoology, A functional evolutionary approach, 7th ed. Brooks Cole/Thomson, Belmont, CA. 963 pp + index. Page and chapter numbers in the following Table of Contents refer to this text.

Pertinent figures from the text are indicated by callouts in the lab exercises. In keeping with the incompatibility of Linnean categories with cladistics-based phylogeny, the use of those categories has been minimized, as it is in the aforementioned text. For the benefit of those more comfortable with Linnean classifications, the traditional categories are indicated by superscript abbreviations (e.g.

Maintenance Manual Grasshopper Mowers

P = phylum, C = class, O = order, F = family, i = infra, s = sub, S = super) following the taxon name. Table of Contents Miscellaneous Chapter 3. Protozoa, page 22 Chapter 5.

Porifera, page 77 sponges Chapter 7. Cnidaria, page 111 Anthozoa, page 124 anemone anemone Scyphozoa, page 148 moon jellyfish upside down jellyfish Hydrozoa, page 156 hydroid hydromedusa hydra by-the-wind sailor Chapter 8. Ctenophora, page 183 comb jelly Chapter 10. Platyhelminthes, page 225 Turbellaria, page 227 planaria Trematoda page 251 fluke Cestoda page 258 tapeworm Chapter 11.

Nemertea, page 270 Heteronemertea ribbonworm Hoplonemertea ribbonworm Chapter 12. Mollusca, page 283 Polyplacophora, page 292 chiton Gastropoda, page 300 Archaeogastropoda keyhole limpet true limpet Mesogastropoda periwinkle apple snail mystery snail Neogastropoda and Buccinum whelks mud snail Opisthobranchia sea hare sacoglossan Pulmonata garden snail terrestrial slug Cephalopoda, page 343 squid Bivalvia, page 367 blue mussel and Placopecten scallops American oyster freshwater mussel quahog Asian clam fingernail clam Chapter 13. Annelida, page 413 Polychaeta, page 422 clamworm bloodworm fan worm feather duster worm crinoid commensal Oligochaeta, page 459 earthworm Euhirudinea, page 471 and Hirudo leech Chapter 14. Sipuncula, page 495 peanut worm peanut worm Chapter 15. Onychophora and Tardigrada velvet worm Chapter 17. Trilobitomorpha, page 543 trilobite trilobite Chapter 18. Chelicerata, page 554 Xiphosura, page 555 horseshoe crab Scorpiones, page 564 Carolina scorpion Uropygi, page 569 whip Scorpion Aranae, page 571 garden spider Pseudoscorpiones, page 584 pseudoscorpion Solifugae, page 586 wind spider Opiliones, page 588 harvestman Acari, page 590 tick Pycnogonida, page 597 sea spider Chapter 19.

Crustacea, page 605 Anostraca, page 617 brine shrimp Phyllopoda, page 619 tadpole shrimp water flea Malacostraca, page 625 brown shrimp crayfish American lobster blue crab pillbug sea slater freshwater isopod freshwater amphipod Cirripedia, page 678 and Lepas goose barnacles acorn barnacle Chapter 20. Myriapoda, page 702 Chilopoda, page 703 house centipede Diplopoda, page 711 flat-backed millipede worm millipede Chapter 21.

Hexapoda, page 723 Collembola springtail Orthoptera house cricket lubber grasshopper Blattaria cockroach Hemiptera cicada adult and nymph Coleoptera Japanese beetle adult white grubs Lepidoptera canna leafroller caterpillar catalpa caterpillar carrot caterpillar Siphonaptera flea Chapter 22. Cycloneuralia, page 752 Nematoda, page 757 Pig roundworm soil roundworm Chapter 23. Gnathifera, page 784 Rotifera, page 789 benthic rotifer moss rotifers Chapter 25. Lophophorata, page 816 Phoronida page 817 phoronid Brachiopoda, page 821 inarticulate brachiopod articulate brachiopod Bryozoa, page 829 freshwater bryozoan ctenostome bryozoan cheilostome bryozoan Chapter 27. Hemichordata, page 857 Enteropneusta, page 858 acorn worm Chapter 28. Echinodermata, page 872 Asteroidea, page 876 sea star Ophiuroidea, page 890 brittle star Echinoidea, page 896 sea urchin sea biscuit sand dollar Holothuroidea, page 909 sea cucumber with notes on Cucumaria, sea cucumber Crinoidea, page 917 feather star Chapter 29.

Chordata, page 930 Urochordata, page 940 sea squirt sea squirt compound sea squirt compound sea squirt thalacean tunicate Cephalochordata, page 932 amphioxus Vertebrata larva, lamprey eel minnow.